Application of Pickering emulsions in 3D printing of personalized nutrition. Part I: Development of reduced-fat printable casein-based ink

The application of surface-active biopolymers supports opportunities and novel prospects to generate a well-defined printable ink for 3D printing. In this regard, an ideal must show pseudoplastic, viscoelastic, thixotropic characters with recoverable structure so as be effectively printed desired printability. Here, microcrystalline cellulose was hydrophobically modified through facile sustainable acetylation method. Then, the functionalized incorporated into casein-based emulsion being replaced its partial fat (15–60% reduced). significant effect micro-biosurfactant on rheological properties enhanced shear-thinning, thixotropic, viscoelastic features. use higher ratios produced greater elastic modulus, smaller droplet sizes, improved stability permanent deformation, increased nonlinear behavior system under large amplitude oscillatory shear stress. results temperature ramp also confirmed thermo-reversible property ink, which noticeably dependent micro-biosurfactant. study provided fundamental knowledge about in terms contribution interface promoting resistance stress deformation. These allow one gain profound understanding printability extrudability these classes biomaterials.